著者
水野 義之
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.77-87, 2021-03

AI(人工知能)を理解するために、人間側における「人間知能」の新たなモデルを提案する。このモデルは一種の仮説であり、実証的な証明の対象ではない。しかし他にはない新たなモデルであり、このモデルによって初めて現状のAI と、「人間知能」の関係を理解することが可能となる。このモデルでは人間の知能を4 つの要素に分ける、すなわち知性、理性、感性、悟性の4 成分に「人間知能」を分解する。この4 成分は情報の5 形態であるデータ、情報、知識、知恵、統合という5 要素をつなぐリンク(間)の数4 である。この見方によって「科学」と呼ばれる知的な活動・知識生産の位置付けも初めて明確になる。この「人間知能」のモデルを使うことで初めて、旧来の哲学で知られるデカルトの理性もカントの認識論も位置付けることができる。すなわち広義の「情報」と「知能」という捉え所のないものの間の関係性が、本論文で明らかにされる。このため、この「人間知能」のモデル化は、今後AI 時代の情報学の教育改善のためにも有用であることが示される。 In order to understand AI (artificial intelligence) in a broader perspective, we propose a new model of "human intelligence". This model is a kind of hypothesis and may not be subject to any proof. However, it is new and comprehensive, and it is this model that would make it possible to understand the relationship between the current AI and the "human intelligence". In this model, human intelligence is subdivided into four components: namely intellect, reason, sensibility, and understanding. These four components coincides with the number of links that connects the five elements, namely data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and integration. These are of five forms of "information". With this perspective at hand, we are now able to represent the so-called "science", a knowledge production process. By using this model of "human intelligence" can Descartesʼs reason and Kantʼs idealism, known in traditional philosophy, be represented properly. In other words, the relationship between "information" and "intelligence" in a broad perspective is now clarified in this paper for the first time. Thereupon it is shown that this modeling of "human intelligence" will be useful for improving the education of informatics in the AI era in the coming future.
著者
正木 大貴
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.12, pp.25-44, 2018-03

The purpose of this paper is to overview the transition of the concept of the need of approval from the psychological point of view and to discuss the need for approval in young people in the light to the situation with human relations and society, especially with regard to SNS. In the field of psychology, the need for approval is well known as one of the stages of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In addition, the need for approval is studied from two aspects, the praise seeking need and the rejection avoidance need. It was understood that contemporary youth maintain friendships while paying attention to circumstances surrounding them so as not to hurt others or be hurt by them. Nurturing the sense that children are approved of by their parents in their parent-child relationships also affects subsequent human relations. The pathological aspect of that not working out well has been pointed out. The psychological feature common to such pathology is the "approval with conditions". This is not such form of parental approval of children as "loving them the way they are", but the "if you can do ..., then I will love you" form of approval. Contemporary parent-child relationships seem to be presenting "approval with conditions" while securing "unconditional approval". As a result, young people became worried whether they will be accepted if there is no condition for approval even in relationships with friends. On the other hand, while SNS can easily satisfy the need of approval for young people who use them, it is possible to obtain infinite approval with them. Also, unlike in case with real human relationships, there is a peculiarity of SNS allowing for obtaining approval while minimizing the anxiety of being rejected by someone.
著者
Aukema Justin
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.69-97, 2019-03

This paper examines the history of the 32nd Imperial Japanese Army headquarters tunnels, a major wartime heritage site, or, war site( sensō iseki), from the 1945 Battle of Okinawa. The paper shows that the tunnels, and their roles in history and memory, have been shaped by the successive and cumulative effects of past and ongoing discourses in a process that it calls "cultures of (dis) remembrance." In this context, the paper highlights three discourses that impacted the fate of the 32nd Army tunnels. The first is a pre-1945 "assimilation discourse," in which Japanese and Okinawan officials argued the historical and cultural similarities between the two regions to integrate the islands into Japan's imperial nation-building project. This transformed Shuri Castle, the seat of power for the autonomous Ryukyu Kingdom, into a staging ground for the dissemination of patriotic Japanese education, and it paved the way for the 32nd Army tunnels to be built there during the Battle of Okinawa. The second is a post-1945 "Cold War discourse" in which U.S. army occupiers remodeled memories and markers of Ryukyuan cultural heritage and Japanese militarism to align with their postwar vision for Okinawa; namely, this was as a showcase for U.S.-style liberal democracy and as a springboard for the Cold War. In this milieu, the remains of Shuri Castle were reconstructed as the University of the Ryukyus, while the 32nd Army tunnels were cast into the dustbin of history. The harshness of American military rule, however, caused many Okinawans to push for reversion to Japan, and, in this background, wartime heritage sites were used to promote nationalistic narratives of shared Okinawan-Japanese sacrifice for the "homeland." After Okinawa returned to Japan in 1972, dual visions of the island's heritage emerged. On the one hand, Okinawan progressives saw the 32nd Army tunnels as reminders of Okinawa's subordinate position vis-à-vis the Japanese nation-state and the cause of the island's wartime destruction. On the other hand, some conservative politicians sought to erase memories of the tunnels in favor of an affirmative view of Okinawa's cultural identity. 本論文では、沖縄戦(1945年4 月─ 6 月)における代表的な戦争遺跡である32軍司令部壕の歴史について分析する。その中で、32軍司令部壕及びそれにまつわる歴史と記憶が現在までの連続的・累積的な言説の結果によって形成されてきたということを主張し、その過程を「(非)記憶する文化」と呼ぶことにしている。本論文は32軍司令部壕の運命に特に大きな影響を与えた三つの言説を指摘する。一つ目は、沖縄を日本帝国に統合するため、沖縄と日本の関係者が両地域の歴史的・文化的な類似点を論じた1945年以前の「同化言説」である。これによって、首里城は独立国家であった琉球王国の権力の府という立場から、日本の愛国教育を普及させるための拠点に変身させられた他、1945年の沖縄戦において同地での32軍司令部豪の建設を主導する拠点ともなった。二つ目は、「冷戦言説」である。この言説では、米国占領軍は自ら目指していた戦後沖縄イメージ(すなわちアメリカ流自由民主主義の見本及び冷戦を遂行するための拠点)を構築するため、琉球伝統文化、及び日本の軍国主義に関する記憶や痕跡を変容させようとした。この文脈において、廃墟となった首里城を琉球大学として再構築し、32軍司令部壕は忘却の彼方へと沈んでいった。しかし米軍の厳格な支配により、多くの沖縄市民は沖縄の日本本土への返還を訴えるようになった。そのため、32軍司令部壕のような戦争遺産は沖縄と日本が「祖国」のために成し得た共同的な犠牲についての国家主義的な語りを推進するために利用された。そして、沖縄の1972年の返還後は、沖縄の遺産について二つの異なる見解が現れた。まず、沖縄の進歩派にとって32軍司令部壕は日本の中での沖縄の下位的地位を表す象徴であり、また戦争における沖縄そのものの物質的破壊を招いた原因でもあった。一方、ある保守系政治家は、日本国家概念を固定した沖縄文化遺産についてのイメージを助長させるために、地下壕にまつわる記憶を抹消しようとしてきた。
著者
西尾 久美子
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.1-14, 2020-03

The main purpose of this research is to contribute to the literature related to management studies and studies on performing arts education by shedding light on the collaboration creation value to customers and performers. The research compares the process of career development for Kyoto Hanamachi and the Takarazuka Revue to illuminate respective characteristics and developmental patterns. The Japanese cases show the process of a century long educational modernization based on Kyoto hanamachi school models for the sake of social advancement of female students and better management of high Takarazuka performance quality. The career path of those cases performers is clearly defined. Personnel training is by a system based on career development. They are members of their developmental networks including customers. As a result, their skills and technique level become clear in their community. In conclusion, the research shows how the result can provide a useful analytical framework for future research in the related field.
著者
正木 大貴
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.161-170, 2020-03

Social media has made tremendous progress with the rapid spread of smartphones. The use of social networking services(SNS)has become a second nature, and there have been major changes in how we communicate. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the background to, and psychological characteristics of SNS dependence. SNS are deeply involved in everyday life for those in the younger generations, and people who are likely to become dependent on SNS are stressed by actual human relationships. In addition, SNS not only fulfill a praise-seeking need for approval such as hoping to be in the spotlight, but also have an important meaning as something that assures a rejection-avoidance need for approval, namely, the feeling of "not wanting to be disliked by everyone." For this reason, people with a dependency on SNS strongly seek connections with people who understand them while paying excessive attention to communication they engage in. As a result, an addiction to human relationships is formed. At present we have a "fear of alienation", that we will be isolated if we neglect to care for others. Yet SNS have the advantages of alleviating this fear that we might be disillusioned with knowing ourselves as we are, and allowing us to choose a specific relationship with a reduced risk of being hurt. Thus, we are addicted to SNS.
著者
嘉本 伊都子
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.43-58, 2021-03

明治国家は、1872年に壬申戸籍を作成し、結婚や離婚を新たな近代的な制度でコントロールを開始した。同年いわゆる芸娼妓解放令を国際的な対面上出すも、それは新たな近代的公娼制度への布石でもあった。検黴をうけ、登録された娼妓のみが、客と性的な関係を結ぶことができるシステムであった。大日本帝国の植民地拡大は、海外醜業婦と呼ばれる売春婦という国辱的な評価の拡大でもあった。その中には、湾妻、満妻とよばれる妾も含まれた。一方で写真花嫁も近代的な写真を交換して夫となる日本人男性のもとへ海をわたる花嫁たちもいた。花嫁であることを証明するためにハワイやアメリカの移民局では結婚式を挙げさせていた期間もあった。本稿は20世紀初頭、なぜ花嫁は海を渡るのか、当時妻になるとはどのような意味をもったのかを解明する。移民局での挙式のスタイルは、神前結婚という「伝統の発明」に引き継がれ、花嫁の無事到着を知らせる結婚写真は、〈伝統〉と〈モダニティ〉の接合が移民先にスピンオフしたものととらえられるのではないか。写真は更なる憧憬をかきたて、連鎖していった。内地での伝統と近代性の接合と同時に、あるいはそれよりもはやく、海を渡ることで近代性を獲得していた可能性を示す。 The Meiji government controled marriage and divorce through koseki (family registration) since 1872. In the same year the emancipation of Geigi and Syougi (geisha girls and prostitutes) also came into effect; however, this also marked the beginning of the modern Licensed Prostitution System. Only Syougi who had passed an examination for venereal diseases and possessed a license could have intimacy with the customer. As the Empire of Japan had extended its power, Japanese prostitutes had also appeared in many regions and acquired a certain reputation. Some of them became concubines as Wantsuma in Taiwan and Mantsuma in Manchuria; meanwhile, many picture brides crossed the sea after exchanging photographs with their husbands-to-be. It was quite natural for Hawaiian and American authorities to suspect them of being prostitutes. In order to prove they were really wives, the authorities required them to have a wedding ceremony and have their picture taken at the immigration office. This paper will examine why brides crossed the sea. What kind of connotation did becoming a wife have in those days? The wedding ceremony at the immigration office might have affected the ceremony boom of the invention of Shinto style weddings in the early twentieth century. Spinning off from modernity is a key concept of understanding why brides crossed the sea.
著者
戸田 真紀子 バイセンゲ フォーチュネ
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.29-43, 2020-03

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the high level of women's representation in politics contributes to change the patriarchal values in societies of Rwanda and Japan. There are many works on women's representation in parliament, but most studies focused on the causes of their under-representation. Also, most of the case studies have been conducted inside the Western context. With face to face interviews with female Parliamentarians in Rwanda and Japan, the study revealed positive effects of female political representation on patriarchal values. Although Rwandan society is still patriarchal, the increased number of female MPs in the Lower House contributed to the change in laws underpinning patriarchal norms (especially with regard to women's access and control over property, education and gender-based violence), and changed the community's attitude toward women's ability and leadership skills. As the Japanese society does not have a quota system yet, the presence of women in Lower House is very low and this facilitate the society in maintaining patriarchal values unchanged. Furthermore, the findings of this study demonstrate that state's political commitment and women's political organization in Rwanda have been at the base of these achievements.
著者
正木 大貴
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.123-136, 2019-03

The SNS has made a quantum leap of progress, the possibility of connecting people with others has spread. At the same time, we were also faced with difficulties in communication. The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the evolution of SNS and the way of human relations are affected. SNS is also used to maintain existing human relationships in addition to connecting with new people. Unlike a real human relationship, SNS is because we can communicate comfortably without being deeply involved with other parties. Nowadays, a superficial human relationship that avoids the risk of injuring or being hurt the opponent is required. This kind of "safe" relationship has advantages and disadvantages, and SNS has minimized its disadvantages. Because the negative side of SNS is not a strong connection, it is a point that it is necessary to obtain approval over and over again. Since "Like" function complements it, we can recognize each other by exchanging, so to speak, "light" approval. In addition, this "light" approval such as SNS has an influence on the diversified present interpersonal relationship. The "diversity" that we now acknowledge is not something that has been achieved in a deep understanding of each other, but also allows others to feel recognized.
著者
西尾 久美子
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
現代社会研究科論集 = Contemporary society bulletin : 京都女子大学大学院現代社会研究科博士後期課程研究紀要 (ISSN:18820921)
巻号頁・発行日
no.12, pp.107-122, 2018-03

This study is intended as a social scientific investigation for as to why in Japanese-style entertainment industry, Kyoto Geisha districts, The Takarazuka opera and AKB48, have maintained their high quality performances and survived to this day, with a focus on the structure of human resources development and business system. With a view towards examining more heuristic facts based on data, I found three peculiarity common points to those cases. 1. The entertainers of those entertainments have adequate opportunities to prove themselves. 2. Those entertainments have function as to create customer relationship, so that entertainers develop their career through the relationship. 3. Those opportunities work as like as an evaluation information system.